Earthing Calculation Software Free Download
Hi, I'm a little bit new at substations gróunding and I possess given myself an workout to do it for á 1 MVA 11/0.4kV kiosk substation but I need support please: 1. Is certainly there any Free of charge software that can help me with this? A buddy of mine at work uses a good software in his division (ETA Power Train station).
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I has been surprised when he showed me the display screen for the dirt resistivity: you specify just the cover up, upper level (and its level) and lower level. Shouldn'testosterone levels there become a process to move on site and use a 'Shepperd' stay (straight rod with battery pack and two electrodes) and consider dimensions across various factors on the site? And if that can be done, what perform I perform with all this 'useful' globe resistance site study if a software as powerful as ETAPS does not require it? I know that IEEE 80 and the relaxation of the stuff is more towards 'area substations'/'outdoor switch back yards' with considerable area.
What about á 1 MVA kiosk substation? Historically, i believe all that can be needed was two strong powered electrodes, one át the HV ánd one at thé LV edges. As i'm attempting to recognize this better, the fault degree of this substatión at thé LV side is usually around 25kA new.
From the formula providing the voltage at a range r apart from the eIectrode or thé grid: Vr = lcc. rho / (2. pi. r) if the brief circuit present Icc solely is 25kA, the Vr will end up being in the purchase of 3-4 kV, which will be way above the acceptable degree of a phase voltage (should be not more than 100V if the defense travels in 0.1s to my knowing, maybe IEEE 80 enables a little bit even more). Therefore if this calculation is definitely correct, offers it become 'always wrong' to use only a couple of supports, and indeed a grid that covers and stretches beyond the region where people might become standing up near the substation?
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I hope someone provides a brief and fast stage by action guideline they would like to reveal. Looking forward to some instructións:) RE: Earthing resistance and computations. Hi Marmite, Thanks for your answer.
I was just reading through the some other write-up where they say the exact same: properly two questions: 1. It seems on that posting they say IEEE 80 notes that only the HV aspect of the mistake is to end up being regarded as. I would including to query this a bit, in the ETA Strength Station record i'meters researching, you do a brief signal calculation on the system, you state which busses to consist of in the problem, and it will pass on to the earthing component the highest kA value, which obviously would become from the LV part of the transformer. Maybe the LV bus should not be chosen in the first location to become integrated in the shórt-circuit calculation? lf therefore, ok, training learnt.
Relating to the 3-4kV from 400V, ok, let's think about it's the HV part, if the power provides a problem level of 250MVeterans administration, after that at 11kV primary, the fault level is definitely 13kA new. Vr = 13 kA. rho / (2. pi. 3 metres) will be nevertheless in the 2kV level, significantly higher than an suitable step voltage, therefore again, aren'capital t / haven't every 2 rods only been recently sufficient for a kiósk substation? RE: Eárthing opposition and calculations (Electrical) 14 August 10 13:08. When a subwoofer feeds a distribution system at 13 kV, 25 kV or 35 kV ranges the distribution is frequently a four cable wye system with several protecting earths.
In the case of a difficult series to planet or collection to neutral problem, the fault present will divide between the planet path and the natural copnductor. The sub providing this network can be the place where really higher currents and high contact and phase potentials are usually achievable. The software to the principal of your kiosk may be slight. Bill - 'Why not really the best?'
Jimmy Carter RE: Earthing opposition and computations (Electric). Very interesting waross.
In Quarterly report however it can be 3 wire at the HV side, actually if it splits in half each method, 1kV is still above acceptable step voltage. Is definitely there any frée software to do these calcs? And what about the 'worth' of taking a decent soil resistivity using a up and down probe vs the 4 point technique and coming up with simply 1 worth? Specifically if the software will just inquire for the garden soil resistivity as 1 worth input and compute the voltage gradiénts from the brief circuit current and the grid layout.
RE: Earthing resistance and calculations (Electrical) 14 August 10 14:02. Given your area, you should also think about the meaning of Like2067 as compared to the previously used IEEE 80. Most utilities seem to become playing capture up with the regular, though as I recognize it compliance with Seeing that2067 is definitely referenced from Seeing that3000 and thus all consumer sites require to conform. IEEE 80 will, nevertheless, provide a realistic indication of the process. Marmite can be appropriate as tó why IEEE80 doesn'testosterone levels consider LV errors for phase and touch, though you'll nevertheless require to assure that the cable connections to the ground grid can manage the prospective LV mistake degree. That stated, the main concern that shows up in conditions of the distinction is the method of calculation of acceptable action and touch potentials.
Ground grid design doesn'capital t appear to be different between the two requirements. Also notable is certainly that Like2067 suggests a mixed HV / LV earthing system unless suitable segregation between the two techniques can end up being attained. RE: Earthing resistance and computations. I possess a queries for the experts here.
Suppose the principal is 115 kV Delta and Secondary can be 44 kV with solidly grounded celebrity connection. Three O/L line depart the place with a ground underneath the three cables and no neutral. Dont you believe in that situation if a mistake occurs 1 Kilometres down the range on secondary side, mistake present would return through the floor link and after that the grid, the natural connection and after that the transformer back to the range faulted providing the fault. In this circumstance, we will constantly have got to design and style a grid with supplementary problem in consideration. My principles are usually rusted for now so there is a likelihood that I might end up being lacking something in right here. Thanks RE: Earthing resistance and computations (Electric). Hi there Marmite, Right now I understand the reply to queries 1 and 2: no free software and there can be no want for a million bore openings on web site, a couple is good enough as the dirt resistivity will end up being the normal (or much better, the optimum) of the samples.
Thanks a lot for the file. I have got checked it, the exceI équations in it are right to IEEE 80 however some of the photos are not really, particularly the picture for the équations of Cs ánd Kilometres, the present pictures show equations that are usually a bit different. I'michael attaching my improved version 2 if you could make sure you possess a appearance? Therefore for a substatión of 1 MVA, provided at 11kV principal with 415V secondary and a problem degree of 250MVA from the tool, all i could find out from the excel linen is that the minimal cable connection should end up being 70 sq.
For the rest of it, i attempted to place a grid of like 9 metres by 6 meters and a middle conductor with a rod at every intérsection, and i decreased the clearance time of the mistake to 0.2s, i still get extreme touch, step and mesh voltages. Can someone please clarify simply this stage? Right now a 1 MVA kiosk substation demands all this earthing and still not plenty of? At a period when i believe that there are plenty of 1 MVA kiosk substations who have just 1 electrode in the ground, not also the required 2 at contrary ends.
What't taking place?:) If you acquired to globe this substation making use of IEEE 80, how would you do it? Regards:). RE: Earthing resistance and calculations (Electrical) 15 August 10 13:40. I suspect that the higher phase voltages that you are seeing are usually an problem for the series nourishing your kiosk ánd the transformer ór bass speaker serving that collection. Ground problem current on the main side will become provided by the supply line and subwoofer, not really by your transformér. If your program is capable of regenerating generally there may be some surface fault share by your transformér but that caIculation will end up being structured on the capacity of the devices back eating.
Costs - 'Why not really the greatest?' Jimmy Carter RE: Earthing level of resistance and calculations (Electric). Thanks waross, i cónfirm that the 13kA new at the major side will be determined as follows: 250MVeterans administration / 11 / sqrt(3) = 13kA and is irrespective of thé transformer (630kVA, 1MVeterans administration, etc.) and that any probable regenration (as you directed out) is certainly not possible in this situation. Btw i'meters consuming 250MVA but there are some locations where the expert desires 500MVeterans administration which will make factors worse:) So how perform we 'correctly' globe a basic kiosk substation? Can anyone make sure you return a 'fixed' excel page? RE: Earthing opposition and calculations.
quoteThree O/H line leave the train station with a floor underneath the three cables and no natural. Dont you think in that case if a problem occurs 1 KM down the collection on secondary side, mistake current would return through the surface link and then the grid, the neutral connection and after that the transformer back to the series faulted serving the problem./wuote By 'surface underneath' perform you suggest a ground cable? If so, this will become the exact same as a multigrounded neutral and will become a route for return present. Some of the problem present will stream through the planet for a line problem and cause action- and touch-voItages at the substatión. Generally, a problem on the HV aspect of the substation is certainly a worse situation, nevertheless. If there is no metal return, then there may be action- and touch-voltage problems at the substatión, but there wiIl become a worse problem at the area of the fault unless there is certainly a large floor grid program right now there.
You may furthermore have difficulties detecting and tripping for a problem with no iron return route. RE: Earthing level of resistance and calculations.
Three O/L line depart the train station with a surface underneath the three cables and no natural. Dont you believe in that situation if a problem occurs 1 KM down the series on secondary side, fault current would return through the ground connection and after that the grid, the neutral link and after that the transformer back again to the range faulted serving the problem. I believe the over could examine '3 O/H line leave the place with an underslung earth cable'. Presuming uniform solid wood rod spacing and planet resistivity at each rod electrode, could the Garrett technique - described in IEEE 80 Section 15.9 - end up being utilized to determine the department of present between the globe and earth wire? AS3835.2 - 2006 area 5.9.2 shows a basic technique of determining the impedance of the O/H éarthwire in paraIlel with pole earth electrode resistance. This impédance in paraIlel with the earth grid opposition would then be used to calculate complete earhtfault current 3Iu.
The present division between U/H globe wire current and present in the planet could then be calculated. I have attached a design comparable to the O/H series 'equal ladder system' demonstrated in While3835.2 Area 5.9.2. RE: Earthing resistance and computations (Electric). I've connected Rev 3 of the excel page where the mistake from the source is certainly 6500A which can be 13kA split in two, still high stage and contact voltages. Allow's keep it basic please:) I have a kiosk substation, 11/0.415kV, fault degree from the provider: 250MVeterans administration.
The size of the substation can be 5 x 3 metres (15 x 10 feet). It will become built on top of a earth with resistivity 100 ohm.m (sry we used the term surface before). Using the IEEE excel page, how do you design the world gird? Significantly valued is somebody can correct the excel page. Many thanks and searching forward to your reply. RE: Earthing opposition and computations (Electrical) 18 August 10 08:59.
Auslee, Sorry for jumping in your article. Thanks a lot for your reaction Jghrist and EddyWirbelstrom. In Stations those have a Delta supplementary or a floating star connected secondary making the station and then a mistake takes place down the collection, and if there is certainly no terrain return, Range breaks or cracks and hands to a wooden post or drops on exotic terrain.
How present will return back again to Source? Will the stream back reproduce its self as a no sequence flow with in Delta turning? My Earlier write-up, In case of a terrain return obtainable through a overhead ground wire, which is bonded to thé mesh at thé train station and when the present will return back again during a one collection to surface mistake in situation of a steadily grounded celebrity connected supplementary winding causing the station, Will it nevertheless be considered as Ig=(l (fault)- I (planet))? We(Earth) should be used for GPR caIculation that measn really little potential. Jghrist, It looks like my grounding concepts are usually messed up again, I require to proceed back and go through all your posts again.
Anyhow I would appreciate your phrase on this. Thanks a lot RE: Earthing opposition and calculations (Electric) 19 Aug 10 03:12. If the 11kV is not earthed ( transformer secondary delta ) then in the event of an earthfaIt on the 11kV system, only a quite low capacitive present will circulation in the earth. Many 11kV techniques will end up being earthed ( transformer secondary star stage earthed - ór zig-zag transformér ). If the U/H series consists of an planet wire ( OHEW ) after that in the occasion of an planet mistake on the 11kV program, the overall earthfault present ( 3Io ) will split between the éarthgrid and the 0HEW.
An approximate method to figure out this break up is proven in AS 3835.2:2005 Section 5.9.2. Even more accurate strategies are demonstrated in IEEE 80 Annex C. I have got utilized the SKM Ground Mat Ver 2004 to estimate the stage and touch voltages for two earthing configuration settings of the 11kSixth is v substation. I possess presumed that the break up factor is 50%. The overall earth fault current provided from the supply is split similarly between the éarthgrid and the Oh yea earthwire. Configuration 1.
Discover attached file Eng-TipsThread238-279051-01.xlsx Two 4.5m lengthy, 8mm DIA electrodes spaced 5.83 metres aside in ground with uniform resistivity of 100 Ohm-m. The total earthfault current ( 3Io ) from the supply of 443A divides equally between the éarthgrid and the overhead earthwire ( OHEW ). The SKM Floor Mat research results display that touch voltages exceed the 'bearable contact voltage'of 351V. Further earthgrid improvement is required. Settings 2. Discover attached file Eng-TipsThread238-279051-02.xlsx The earthing grid comprises of a rectangle 5m a 3m with horizontal globe conductors 1.0m aside.
At each corner of the grid is usually a 4.5m long, 8mm DIA electrode. The overall earthfault present ( 3Io ) from the supply of 443A splits equally between the éarthgrid and the overhead earthwire ( OHEW ). The SKM Terrain Mat study results shows the region where the contact voltages are below the 'bearable contact voltage'of 351V watts.r.testosterone levels remote earth. The border for thesafe region is defined by the yellow airplane and includes all the region inside the éarthgrid and a little region outside the grid. All stage voltages are usually below the 'tolerable phase voltage'of 351V.
RE: Earthing level of resistance and computations (Electric) 19 August 10 03:16. The information on rows 54 to 91 of the spreadsheet Eng-TipsThread238-279051-01.xlsx is certainly wrong and should become removed. Rows 54 to 91 experienced incorrect information on the prospective single phase to planet fault present on the 415V part of the 11 / 0.415kV, 1.0 MVA transformer.
Just the 11kV program should be considered when identifying the contact and phase voltages. (For curiosity rows 54 to 77 of tab 1Input Information of attached spreadsheet Eng-TipsThréad238-279051-03.xlsx shows calculated bolted earthfault ón 415V terminals of 26425A I possess used SKM Ground Mat software to compute the contact and stage voltages for two earthing configurations of the transformer kiosk supposing: 1. Kiosk uses up an region of 5m a 3m, 2.
11kV system potential short-circuit current can be 250 MVA, 3. System z1 = z2 = zo, 4.
Standard IEEE 80, person weight 70kg barefeet, mistake duration 0.2 securities and exchange commission's, No Decrement element used, dirt resistivity 100 Ohm-m, No surface blue-metal, Earth Electrode L = 4.5m, DIA = 8 mm, equivalent current moves in earth and OHEW, Depth to top of EIectrode /Grid = 0.5m. Calculated total present 3Io for an globe fault of the 11kSixth is v system at the transformer Kiosk = 443A.
Current flowing into the floor = 222A The outcomes of both the sticking with configurations are usually proven on the connected spreadsheet. Construction 1. Electrodes at diagonally opposite corners (range between electrodes 5.83m) See tabs prefixed with 1 on attached spreadsheet Eng-TipsThréad238-279051-03.xlsx Configuration 2. Side to side meshed conductors spacéd 1.0m form a grid with planet electrodes at each corner.
See tab prefixed with 2 on connected spreadsheet Eng-TipsThréad238-279051-03.xlsx The tab 2More Electrodes shows the effect of adding electrodes to éach intersection of thé horizontal conductors at the grid periphery. RE: Earthing opposition and computations (Electrical) 22 Aug 10 00:04. Calculated total current 3Io for an world fault of the 11kSixth is v program at the transformer Kiosk = 443A. Present flowing into the surface = 222AYou suspected that all of the current flowed through the globe when determining the 443A. 3 x Ibase / ( 3 Rg + Ur1 + L2 + Ro ) You can't after that believe that only half moves through the globe. The half that runs through the terrain wire will not really be restricted by Rg. How did you figure out that the present split is 50%?
RE: Earthing opposition and calculations (Electrical). Thanks a lot for that. I second jghrist's issue relating to 50% split(?) 2. As per Eddy't computations (and distressing for the caps) 2 ELECTRODES ONLY Are usually NOT More than enough FOR A SIMPLE KIOSK SUBSTATION FED FROM A NORMAL Supply (250MVA) AT 11kV I have always been not questioning Eddy's calculations, it't just that no matter how you twist the calculations, you will usually obtain that result. I possess seen really numerous kiosk substations accepted with only 2 electrodes. Can it end up being that the tangible plinth >>is usually. You are appropriate jghrist, I have got fixed my spreadsheet.
If there are other return pathways for earthfault current - like as over head earth cables (OHEW)- then 3Io will end up being calculated making use of grid opposition (Rg) in paraIlel with the 0HEW level of resistance. I utilized a 50/50 split as recommended in Auslee'h posting of 16 August 10 18:30. I feel fresh to contact and step voltage calculations. Can anyone suggest a method they make use of to determine the divide of earthfault current (3Io) between the floor and the overhead earthwire of an over head series?
My 50/50 present split is a figure just. The 13kA at 11kSixth is v you mention AusLee is definitely for a boIted earthfault with nó planet grid level of resistance.
If two electrodes are usually used the globe grid level of resistance (Rg) = 13.85 Ohm. Assuming there had been no various other parallel route ( such as OHEW) after that the total earthfault current would become 443A. My construction 2 is made up of a mesh of 8mm dia conductors át 1.0m spacing with a 4.5m, 8mm DIA electrode at each corner. It will not model a cement plinth - I will investigate how to reproduce a concrete plinth. For thé grid in Cónfiguarion 2 the Rg = 6.6 Ohm which would effect in a total earthfault current of 897A. If there is definitely an OHEW the overall earthfault present would be bigger and some of this current would come back to the supply via the OHEW.
Tabs 4Ig=1193A displays a third configuration where 4.5m world electrodes are usually installed at the intérsection of each globe grid mesh. The earthgrid level of resistance can be 4.84 Ohm resulting in a overall earthfault present of 1193A moving only in the earthgrid. Touch and step voltages go beyond the bearable ranges. If the over head line consists of an earthwire ( OHEW ) linked to earth electrode(beds) at each rod, then complete info on the over head line, world wire, period, world electrode information, earth resistivity would be needed to determine the current split. Can be star stage of the supply transformer steadily earthed? Present divide between terrain and earthwire will be needed to estimate touch and phase voltages. I have utilized SKM'h Surface Mat software for the over calculations.
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